Nations across the world are collaboratively agreeing to find solutions. The United State of America, China, Japan, 27 nations of the EU, India and Brazil are focusing to solve most of the CO2 dilemma by year 2020. Actions taken are severe and grand in nature.

The 55 developed and developing countries submitting their plan to United Nation Framework convention on Climate Change to curb emission by 2020 were all welcomed on time. However, Russia and Mexico did on their side not submit their report by the end of January.

However, the countries that have already produced their report are officially according to United Nation planning to curb 78 percent of the carbon emission worldwide.

The United Nation accord was concluded at the end of the summit 19th December. Yvo de Boer, the executive secretary of the UN’s climate change office gives an idea of the commitment to tackle climate change. There is an urgency, but countries can still do more, according to the executive secretary.

Enormous measures proclaimed by the countries are according to various analysts insufficient to meet the Central Goal of the Copenhagen agreement. The aim is to avoid global warming which might result in a temperature rise of 3.6 degrees, above what it was in the pre-industrial period.

Alden Meyer, director of Strategy & Policy at the Union of Concerned Scientists says that it is hard to reach the goal before 2020, and technically afterwards as well. More solution need to surface. This includes answers to how developing countries will be provided with financial assistance. Wealth nations are promising $30 billion in short-term support. However, no precise mechanism of distribution has been planned and long-term support remains mere a concept up to today.

The substantiality of the commitment of countries supporting with their report is a gigantic effort indeed. It is the first time ever that collaborative actions are taken by developing countries that are contributing to massive growth in greenhouse emission. They are opting for sustainable development.

Some Facts:
1. China – is aiming to limit its carbon intensity by 40 to 45 percent by 2020 in relation to 2005 levels. This reduction is expected to be on the level of CO2 produced per unit of economic activity, which is a substantial figure.

2. India – Is going for a reduction of 20 to 25 percent of carbon intensity from 2005 to 2020.

3. South Korea – Is also going for a decrease in 30 percent of the carbon intensity emission for the same period (2005 to 2020).

In South Korea, according to the ambassador for climate change, Raekwon Chung, the target was established by the law in December and the government has since then prepared the plan. Two percent of South Korea’s gross domestic product is going to be invested in low-carbon production, new transportation system and higher-efficiency structures. This amounts to a total of $86 billion per year in green energy projects.

In the European Union, across the 27 members, the cut carbon intensity was expected to be 20 to 30 percent for the period 1990 to 2020. In Japan for the same period the target was 25 percent.

President Obama has promised a cut of 17 percent of carbon dioxide emission, in the united state for the period 2005 compared to 2020. However, legislations supporting this goal have not yet been enacted. It is thus not sure whether it is a full or empty promise.

However, Jennifer Morgan, director of the World Resources Institute’s climate and energy program, considers the need to enact climate change legislation before United States, ends up in the lower side of the competition list for low carbon sources of energy.

The commitment of countries like China, Europe, Japan and India are already showing that transparent actions are viable. It is first time ever that actions are being taken at this grand level. Green and clean economies are going to be the next bubble of growth.

Source: New York Times

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It is the right time to invest in domestic energy. Going from macro-generation to micro-generation schemes is to some a ‘scam’ as they consider it as a futile strategy to bring down the level of CO2 emission. However, it is not only the green aspects of renewable energy that makes it the right time to invest, incentives offered are making it profitable.

It can be reckoned that investing in renewable energy will bring an immediate 7-10 percent tax-free return. It is a unique opportunity to engage in the growing green sector. However, the government might make 2012 an even better year as they are predicting “pay-as-you-save” scheme for micro generation, in UK. If your main objective is to save and earn money, investing now is a unique chance.

Those who are going for renewable energy for the sake of decreasing greenhouse emission would also properly opt for investing now. The question for them might be more in the technology itself. People who have installed thermal solar panels in regions where the sun is blessing them are certainly delighted. The downfall arises in the case the regions are not blessed, with sufficient sunlight and wind.

In other words, micro-generation technology makes sense only if ‘you’ are located in a region where wind and sun energy is available. It is practically futile to invest if the sources of energy are insufficient to fuel your home.

The real effect of feed-in tariffs for small-scale or domestic energy is yet unseen. There is an economic and environmental outcome. However, will governmental subsidies absolutely contribute to drastic changes in tempting more investment in sources of energy such as thermal solar panels?

The whole investment on renewable technology is relatively expensive. Not only the technology and installation will cost; there might be a need for extensive changes to roof-structure of houses. Integrating solar thermal on rooftops may require re-designing in case the building is inappropriate for photovoltaic integration.

Is it a Delusionary Motive for Environmental Goals

The benefit of going for domestic energy has been enumerated but is it really the best option. Facts, show that if ever the feed-in tariff (government subsidy) was used to invest in larger project the result might have been more rewarding. The incentives offered by the government are likely a mere psychological delusionary motive for environmentalist. People are lured by the feeling of becoming self-sufficient and that they will reduce carbon emission. This is a relatively daunting perception.

The government subsidy’s funds could have been better invested to bring greenhouse emission to much lower levels. There might be a backlash to this very strategy after social cost has been well evaluated

The reality of the feed-in tariff that is expected to be approved on 1st of April 2010 might not necessarily be as glamorous as expected. The term ‘good’ is questionable according to many critics from the Guardian news.

Main Source: Guardian.co.uk

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The UK feed-in tariff covers small-scale renewable energy projects. The scheme will certainly help to supply energy to low-income groups as well as giving the poor access to energy.

It is an effort to spread solar photovoltaic (PV) development through the tariff. However, there is still much which has to be reviewed to make sure that the technology will be in reach for low-income groups. The aim of the tariff is to help lower-income groups to lighten their expenses on the electricity bill.

The scheme will also not be restricted to promoting only small-scale wind and solar PV energy. Larger scale project such as community wind projects, river hydro and sustainable biomass generation, would all need a boost through government schemes.

There is already great support from the private sector. Small-scale renewable energy is very important for a country as it helps to reduce carbon emission and minimize energy price fluctuation. Here is a list of some companies and institutions that are encouraging the growth of small-scale renewable energy:

1. Andy Atkins Executive director, Friends of the Earth
2. Stephen Burroughs Chairman, Stour and Vale Hydro Group
3. Anthony Battersby Chairman, Mendip Power Group
4. Julia Craik Managing director, The Premises Studios
5. Ruth Davison Director of campaigns and neighbourhoods, National Housing Federation
6. Rachel Feilden Director, River Energy Networks
7. Gaynor Hartnell Chief executive, Renewable Energy Association
8. Gavin Hayes General secretary, Compass
9. Ray Horwood Chief executive, National Federation of Roofing Contractors
10. Peter Kindersley Neal’s Yard Remedies
11. Ed Mayo Secretary general, Co-operatives UK
12. Derry Newman Chairman, UK PV Manufacturers Association
13. Doug Parr Chief scientist, Greenpeace
14. Jenny Saunders Chief executive, National Energy Action
15. Tim Smit CEO, The Eden Project
16. Dave Sowden Chief executive, The Micropower Council
17. Sarah Webb CEO, Chartered Institute of Housing
18. William Worsley President, Country Land and Business Association

The feed-in tariff is going to enable low-income families to secure cheaper and sustainable energy. The positive aspect of reduced CO2 emission will directly address environmental challenges. Supporting green energy is like hitting two birds with a single stone.

Source: Guardian.Co.Uk

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The aim of the bill is to encourage utility companies to shift towards renewable sources of energy. The state is planning to provide 30 percent of energy requirements through alternative sources of energy by 2020. The state was previously aiming for 20 percent but according to this bill, the odds have been increased by another 10 percent for year 2020.

The measure will apply solely to investor-owned utilities like Black Hills Energy and Xcel Energy. Local utilities and rural energy associations will still have their goal targeted to reach 10 percent of renewable energy.

Eventually, Colorado will be ranked second just after California with this new target of 30 percent. In California the renewable standard is 35 percent. However, this does also include hydropower, which Colorado does not.

Colorado is being moved to the top, as it is setting high renewable standards, says Schwartz. Sen. Bruce Whitehead, D-Hesperus says that the bill is helping to deal with the energy requirements for the future. Schwartz is also giving emphasis on the fact that renewable energy will assure more consistent utility prices and create more employment.

Employment

Renewable energy projects can create around 17,000 new jobs. Investing in clean energy is an important tool to counteract on the devastating job slashes experienced in the recent credit crunch. The birth of employment will give more stability to the economy once again.

In Colorado, there are around 230 solar firms. The companies who will benefit from the bill will be decided by the House.

The bill is assuring a high quality and sustainable development. There are standards sets for the installation of solar photovoltaic. According to Schwartz, training programs will be offered to certify people having appropriate skills to handle this employment expansion.

However, another bill, HB1333, is also in the pipeline. It will focus on using federal money to train and retrain employees in fields such as renewable energy.

These two bills are showing the state’s commitment towards clean energy. There are also loans available to promote hydroelectric, solar energy and geothermal energy projects with respective standards.

There are many public entities such as the school district in Alamosa and Colorado State University-Pueblo, which are integrating solar power into their buildings. This shows that these very bills are promoting renewable distribution channels not only in urban areas, but it can also have some positive effects in rural regions as well.

The residents are willing to perpetrate the growth of renewable energy. Moreover, local business such as US Bank is also providing low-interest loans for companies or individuals investing in renewable energy installation.

The cost of energy is becoming more stable as renewable energy is spurring. According to Whitehead, the cost of energy becomes free once initial cost has been re-occupied. This is not totally true, but definitely the price of energy can be sustained as the volatility of prices of fossil fuel is superseded.

Source: Chieftain

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Since, 2009 much emphasis has been leveled on investing in renewable energy such as solar and wind energy. China has been making “revolutionary investments in the field”. There is no doubt that the government is aiming for a sustainable development.

Largest Solar Power Station

The world’s largest on-grid solar power station is likely going to be constructed in China. The solar power station will be providing around 1 GW, which is more than what most nuclear power stations deliver. This particular project is a venture with China Technology Development Group (CTDC) and Qinghai New Energy Group Co., Ltd. (QNE). The construction is going to take place the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China.

The first phase of the project is to build 30 MW of on-grid solar power. The long-term objective is to expand this to a total of 1 GW. The Quaidam Solar Power Station project is the first of its type in China. It will make use of thin-film solar modules with integrated crystalline silicon. Once the project is fully completed, it will be the largest on-grid solar development in the country. The project was approved for launching in 2009 and a total of $150 million have been invested by QNE and CTDC.

Qaidam Basin, is one of the best areas in the country to develop large-scale on-grid solar plants. The exposure of sunlight is soaring in the vast desert of landmass. The location had already, in 2005 been identified by the Chinese Government as one of the most suitable areas for economic and renewable energy developments.

Qinghai Province will be able to take full advantage of the omnipresence of solar energy in the region. Having one of the largest solar power plants in the region is according to Mr. Luo Yulin, Vice Governor of Qinhas Province and Mayor of Xining, an indication of our commitment towards climate change.

The Chinese Government is fully supporting the expansion of renewable energy. The scale at which most renewable projects are on is phenomenal. China can definitely not be considered as a nation ignoring the consideration of climate challenges. It is at a nascent stage of its economic evolution integrating clean technology. This is something that other countries have been leaving behind.

Source: ChinaACTDC and Green Muze

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The media has focused on displaying solar panels at Johnson Center. Yet, attention might be diverted to other buildings and parking where solar panels have become present in the recent years.

In the city of Sparks, there is a range of other projects in pipeline. Renewable technology is expected to be integrated to the local city fire stations, police headquarter off Prater Way and to other recreational buildings in the vicinity of Golden Eagle Regional Park.

Financing Began 2009

Most of the renewable programs began in 2009, after federal stimulus funds were received. A total sum of $840, 000 has been awarded for energy conservation and efficiency work. The city is also engaging in NV Energy rebate programs.

As the rooftop solar panels are being installed on two fire stations and the Johnson Center a list of other projects are already envisaged.

Projected Solar Projects
1. Solar panels for two police stations
2. More solar energy for the Johnson center’s parking.
3. Solar panels at the rooftop of buildings in the vicinity of Golden Eagle Regional Park off Vista.
4. Solar panels on the city gym off Richards.

According to Deputy Public Work Director Pete Etchard, these projects underway can result in a $120,000 in saving of energy cost per year. Moreover, the city is trying to promote more projects through the NV Energy rebate program. More funds could be used to further expand renewable projects in the pipeline and Ethchard says that “That’s our goal”.

The energy cost for the city has increased by around 34 percent in the period 2005 to 2009, although that price of energy decreased last year. It is in this sense imperative to promote similar renewable projects to assure a more sustainable supply of energy and resistant to volatility of the energy cost.

Source: RGJ

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When talking about energy people seldom make the interconnection between a source of energy to another one. –e.g. Sun to wind and biomass-.The sun is the source of energy to most renewable energy harnessed on earth. Nuclear and geothermal energy are the exceptions. They do not use the energy from the sun. Otherwise, most of the other sources do use it, for instance, wind is formed through atmospheric pressure (temperature of air). Plants grow through a process called photosynthesis. Wave energy is influenced by weather (wind and sun). In other words, they are all associated to sun energy.

Common Used Solar Power Systems
1. Thermal Power Plants (more than 1, 000 Degree Celsius)
Thermal power plants make use of concentrated solar power that is mirrored to a specific point to produce a steam effect, initiating a turbine. Energy is thereby produced.

2. Solar Collectors (Home Use)
Solar collectors such as a solar water heater are becoming pervasive technology used nowadays. It is a convenient mean to reduce electricity consumption and therefore, eliminate some dollars spent each month on the electricity bill.

3. Photovoltaic
This is the most widely accepted way to harness energy from the sun directly. Moreover, solar panels are holding promises for the future as production cost of photovoltaic is gradually reaching reasonable levels. Moreover, he technology is thanks to its convenience (off-grid) being used in poor countries to supply the deprived with some basic energy supply.

Pierre Joliot, Professor at the prestigious Collège de France and former chair of cellular bioenergetics has made intense research on energy conversion. He has examined the biology of plants; how the photosynthesis mechanism functions. The following analysis is based from Pierre Joliot’s perspective on photosynthesis.

Renewable Energy: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis can be considered as a hidden agenda to the public. In simple terms, photosynthetic is a mechanism that changes solar energy into chemical energy. The photosynthesis process is an indispensable process, apart from its synthesized organic cycle, it does also regenerate oxygen (recycle carbon dioxide). Recycling oxygen is a fundamental aspect to assure life on our planet.

What about Improving the Photosynthesis Process

Science is focusing on using green energy; we are talking about bio-fuel. Bio-fuel is derived from biomass, which has been produced from photosynthesis. Yet, plants do typically only store 1% of sun’s energy in their organic components. In considering the process of sowing and harvesting the balance of energy collected can likely go into the negative side. More energy might be wasted collecting the biomass than what is reaped from it.

Moreover, large areas of lands are also required to make biomass profitable. Evitable, this puts a lot of strain on food supply and debates on starvation turns into an alarming issue. The only viable solution to tackel the dual dilemma of inefficiency and food shortage is to increase the efficiency of collecting food and to use food crop waste to produce energy. Today, this is exactly what is being done. The majority of biomass productions is generated from food or crop wastage.

More Solutions: Artificial Photosynthesis

Science is considering artificial photosynthesis as a plausible solution. Artificial photosynthesis is a possible competitive alternative to photovoltaic energy. The photosynthetic mechanism is a process that has evolved over billions of years. It is similar to other evolutionary aspects of biological processes such as humans. Artificial photosynthesis is not about imitating the creation of Mother Nature. It is more about communication and re-engineers certain components of the process. This could ensuring better absorption capacity of the energy provided by the sun.

Nevertheless, to be realistic artificial photosynthesis is far more complex than photovoltaic technology. This brings us to the conclusion that photovoltaic is more likely to become more efficient, cheaper and used in the modern world. However, research in the photochemical conversion of solar energy should indeed continue to assure a bouquet of alternatives for the future.

Source: Alternatives Areva

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However, Enel Green Power is joining forces with Sharp in creating a solar plant in the Mediterranean region. The predicted production capacity by the end of 2016 is 500 MW. Moreover, other as critical widespread solar plans are already underway.

Early this year, Enel Green Power, STMicroelectronics and Sharp engaged in an agreement to start constructing triple-junction thin-film photovoltaic solar panels in Italy. The three companies are nowadays strategic partners in respect to the upcoming photovoltaic panel factory.

This is a pioneer of its kind. It is the first time ever that green energy efforts in the solar industry experience a gigantic partnership agreement where the focus is to jointly add-value to manufacturing potentials. Enel Green Power is advanced in international marked development and has lots of expertise in the field. Secondly, Sharp has the triple-junction thin-film technology which will also be manufactured in the Sharp’s home plant in Japan, Sakai. Lastly, STMicroelectronics is highly advanced in manufacturing, having extensive knowledge in the field of microelectronics and high-tech. The venture is bringing together ideal partners where value in return is ascertained.

The manufacturing of photovoltaic panel in the Catania plant is predicted to commence in early 2011. The initial production capacity will be around 160 MW a year but this is expected to slowly augment to 480 MW a year. This will make it a very important solar manufacturer in the country and region.

An investment of 320 million euro has been injected to support the 160 MW project. The injection of funds will be split equally across the three partners. They will have equal ownership of 1 to 3, and each company is expected to inject 70 million euro. The remaining will be provided through state grants.

The target market is the EMEA region (Europe, Middle East and Africa). Yet, much attention will also be given to the Mediterranean region as well. Two of the partners, Sharp and Enel Green Group do already have distributive networks to construct solar farms in the region.

The agreement between Sharp and Enel Green Power to construct a solar farm, that will achieve a capacity of 500 MW of energy by the dawn of 2016, will be using photovoltaic panels from the Catania factory. These joint agreements between these three companies are facilitating other projects in terms of operation and cost efficiency.

Moreover, triple-junction thin-film photovoltaic panels are ideal for large-scale and medium sized power plants. The triple-junction thin-film photovoltaics are far more effective than ordinary silicon solar panels. Besides, the low level of the silicon present in their construction of these advanced panels makes them also less vulnerable to the volatility of the price of raw silicon.

The factory location in Catania is ideal. It has ancillary benefits as semiconductors plant and other facilities exist in the nearby vicinity. Moreover, the logistics conveniences make it easy to reach all the nearby markets.

See clip on: Enel International News

Source: PRnewswire

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The ‘bloom Box’ has been launched by a Sunnyvale, Calif-based company. There is increasing effervescence about the technology, yet many are questioning what it really is. The aim of the technology, according to CEO K.R. Sridhar, is to deliver electricity off the electricity grid. This will be done at a very low cost and highly friendly to the environment.

In simple term, the Bloom box is a fuel cell. Fuel cells have been around since very long even in the 19th century, they existed. However, the secret of this particular technology is that it can be made from beach sand, from a material called “yttria stabilized zirconium”. The ink-coated floppy disk-sized fuel cells can be placed together into blocks.

Moreover, as oxygen enters the fuel cell a chemical reaction is initiated and this response generates electricity. There is no need to rely on the national electricity grid and pollution is apparently unseen.

What about Cost

According to Sridhar, the bloom Box that is purchased by companies cost around $800 000 but the target is to make it available to average consumers for a cost below $3000. For instance, eBay has five boxes. The CEO John Donahoe said that the Bloom Box is actually generating five times more energy than what eBay uses.

In short, the cost of generating electricity with Bloom box is at around 8 cents per KWh based on some reports. A small tile is enough to ignite a light bulb. Multiplying some more Bloom Box tile would make it possible to ignite a whole house.

Bloom Box can be fueled with either natural gas (fossil Fuel) or renewable sources such as solar, bio-gas or landfill gas.

There are already many companies using the Bloom Box:
1. Google
2. Wal-Mart
3. Fedex
4. Staples,
5. The San Francisco Airport
6. CIA

This is a list of a few. There are many more huge companies, which are using the Bloom Energy. Google have already used a four-unit box fueled by natural gas for 18 months.

There are over $400 million being invested in Bloom Energy. This shows the intense belief in becoming a renewable technology for the future if it turns out to be affordable. People can fuel their house with a natural gas tube by converting it into energy through the fuel cell. The electricity bill will shrink but the gas bill might rise. The challenge is to make the gas recyclable. This would reduce emission and make it a perfect source of renewable energy.

The Video below explains how the technology works

Source of Video: ZD Net

Source of Article: Cnet

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According to Lord Mandelson, Mitsubushi has taken the commitment to invest £100m for the construction of a wind-turbine research center. The center will be conducting research on constructing the biggest blades in the world. There will be around 200 new jobs created in the short-run and this might grow to another 1,500 position in the future. The government is also willing to grant around £30m to support the project.

Moreover, Gamesa has been negotiating with the government to construct a wind turbine factory in UK. A possible venture with German Firm Bard is envisaged.

This is significant for British manufacturing industry. The offshore fields can by year 2020 generate a total of 70,000 jobs.

The wind turbine manufacturing industry is perhaps seeing its re-birth. In the past, UK was a leading center in the field of onshore wind technology yet it failed to prosper. However, now the right conditions can be offered to make it a success. The hugest market for offshore wind energy is going to be built and this will support the industry to grow and commercialize.

It was in the 70s and 80s that Britain overlooked their possibility to become the leader in constructing wind power technology. Other parts of the world did much better as the government supported the growth of wind turbine manufacturing.

Nowadays, United State of America is most populated with wind turbines. Moreover, most of the technology in use there has been provided by US companies. The government supported these companies to grow and become effective to compete at an international level.

Going further, we can see that Germany has half of the top 10 wind turbine manufactures in the world. This is not of mere chance, Germany is beneath US the second largest provider of wind farms. It is a fact that if you have a large domestic market, international success comes thereon.

Factors for Success

There are mainly two factors required for renewable industry to take-off. The primordial prerequisite is government support in political and financial terms. The other determinant is local support (domestic market) to promote onshore and offshore wind farms.

The benefits derived from expanding in the field of renewable energy are unfolded. It creates employment through the re-birth of wind-turbine manufacturing. Secondly, it acts directly to tackle issues of climate change. However, it is mostly up to the government to make sure that the population is aware of the windfall gains experienced from the use of renewable technology such as wind turbines.

The British economy is finally seeing some green figures and facts, as investors are interested in the “world’s largest offshore wind energy project”.

Source: Guardian

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