The key sources of alternative energy come either directly or indirectly from the sun. Directly, from the sun thermal energy (heating) or lighting energy can be harnessed to generate electricity. The typical water heating systems found on rooftops are examples of thermal energy.

The sun does also generate heat, which stimulates winds. The energy generated by winds is captured using wind turbines.

In addition, heat emitted by the sun and stimulated by winds cause water to evaporate. This water comes back to surface in the forms of snow or rain. The water currents in rivers depend on the amount of rain, and the speed of water flow can be used to generate hydro energy.

The contribution of the sun doesn’t end with only generating rain; the rain and sunlight are also required by plants to grow. The organic matters present in the growing of plants are called biomass. Biomass is another form of renewable energy, which can be used to generate electricity or converted into bio-energy.

In organic compounds, we can find Hydrogen. It is also present in water, not to mention that hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element present on Earth. It is a gas which is always mixed with other sources such as water and oxygen. It is only when hydrogen is separated from it’s combined element, that it can be burned to generate electricity.

However, a source of energy that isn’t really associated with the sun is geothermal energy. The heat of the earth can also be used to produce electricity and for purposes such as heating and cooling buildings. Also, ocean tides which operate on the gravitational pull of the
Earth, influenced by the moon and sun, is commonly exploited using underground ocean wave turbines.

The sea can provide an abundance or alternative energy sources such as tides, temperature difference in the sea, as well as osmosis (where sea water meets – river water) energy.

Source: Renewable Energy World

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The world’s largest offshore wind manufactures:

1. UK – 1,341 MW
2. Denmark – 854 MW
3. The Netherlands – 249
4. Belgium – 195 MW
5. Sweden 164 MW
6. Germany – Ireland – Norway – Finland – 145 MW

The Renewable Energy Trade Association says that the offshore wind sector is providing strong economic benefits – and also significant amount of renewable energy to U.K’s customers.

According to the Head of offshore renewable at RenewableUK, Peter Madigan, the pace at which offshore wind energy is growing is at its momentum. Recently, the first turbines at Greater Gabbard and Walney started producing electricity. These two wind farms will bring UK’s energy production to above 2 GWs ones completed. He also emphasised on the importance of capturing and assuring that new large infrastructures are steadily expanding to also business activity as well as employment.

In Europe, EWEA estimates that offshore wind power does currently provide 2.9 million EU households with clean wind energy. This is equivalent to the total amount of energy consumed by the total of Brussels and Berlin – this amount is provided from 1,136 offshore wind turbines.

There is another 19,000 MW of offshore energy that is expected to be increased in Europe. This would bring the yearly production of wind energy to 66.6 terawatts hours. In other words, wind energy would be able to power the 14 largest capitals in Europe with renewable energy including – Paris, Berlin and London.

EWEA also stated that water energy is also on the vertex of expansion.

Peter says, it is essential that UK based factories support the delivery of the 19,000 MW of wind energy that has been approved. And UK should absolutely be a key player in the expansion of offshore energy as the right policy framework is already in place.

Source: Mari Time Journal

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In addition, to the 500-MW wind power plants that are expected to be finished by 2013; Pakistan’s Alternative Energy Board (AEDB) has been having more than 17 companies providing offers for a total installed capacity of 3,000 MW of wind energy, which will support the country to increase its use of clean energy.

There is strong will to invest in wind energy in Pakistan. This is what AEDB has been seeing with more than 17 investors suggesting to install above 3,000 MW of wind energy. There seem to be several other investors willing to engage in investing in wind power projects as well.

The Zorlu wind power project has currently completed its first phase with 6 MW being operational. However, there is still 5.6.4 MW to be completed by FCC Energy.

There are also official documents saying that Nepra has already established a tariff for 5 projects. Yet, some eight IPPs have been reported in the form of tariff petitions as well as generation licence application to Nepra after signing of the EPC contracts.

According to AEDB, there are already 18 financially feasible projects that have been finished by IPPs. These projects are all in different phases of approval. Moreover, there are 35 IPPs which are holding LOIs with AEDB for the go-ahead with construction of wind power projects.

For the 18 IPPs, land has already been allotted for these projects which will each generate more than 50 MW. This means that the cumulative installed capacity of all the 18 projects is above 900 MW.

There are already 6 IPPs licenses that have been provided, suggesting that above 500 MW of wind power will be installed by 2013. Before it seemed difficult to attract wind turbine manufacturers to Pakistan; Now with the first 6 MW project operating successful in the country AEDB has been able to overcome the lack of suppliers of machinery to the country.

According to AEDB, world’s largest Wind Turbine Manufacturers are now willing to do business in Pakistan such as:

1. Vestas
2. SUNEC
3. GE
4. SIMENS
5. NORDEX
6. GOLDWIND

The companies are also providing very fast delivery periods to finish turnkey EPC deals. In addition, local manufacturers are also starting to produce wind turbines such as Descon (already started the construction of wind turbine towers) and in the heavy industries, Taxila is making deal with the international wind turbine manufacturers to act as a partner in the assembly of wind turbines.

For the future of Pakistan, wind energy might be good solution for the lack of power supply to the national grid. However, it will take several years to have thousands of MW of wind energy produced in the country.

Currently, in Pakistan hydropower is the cheapest source of energy and is also a very effective tool in tackling water hurdles linked with the agricultural sector. Yet, wind power projects have been noticed to be highly cost effective per unit of output when check-against the Rental Power Plants.

Raja Pervaiz Ashraf, presents RPPs new idea to expand wind energy projects across the country, which can start to generate electricity shortly.

Source: Nation and REVE

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In 2009, prominent MENA and European countries came together to establish Dii GmbH, an industrial consortium. It created market feasibility to roll out this concept on a large scale by bringing about the necessary changes to laws, regulations, technical aspects and the economy, thereby promoting this project even more. The consortium and the DESERTEC foundation worked towards this one similar goal. A couple more of prime objectives of this project referred to as the Mediterranean Solar Plan are systematically linking the areas around the Mediterranean basin and allotting 20 GW of clean energy that can be produced by the year 2020. These are included in the further political plan of action, which has been chalked out in the basis of a declaration of EU and all the 27 states which are members of the European Union as well as the Union’s 16 neighbouring states.

Some of the burdening issues in MENA include the swiftly ascending need for energy and water, which is soon expected to surpass the available supply. The electricity demand by 2050 is estimated tripled. The existing situation of water shortage is going to be worsened by the rising population. But the amount of direct sunlight received by the MENA countries being as high as 2400 kWh per square meter make it an ideal and huge solar energy potential zone. Solar power set-ups can harvest as much as 250 GWh per every square kilometre of the desert land per year. Other sources of renewable energy such as wind, geo or hydrothermal energy or biomass have not been reported to display such a huge potential as solar energy. Using the available solar equipment & technology, MENA would be able to meet its own needs by producing enough energy and simultaneously generating water by desalinating seawater. Surplus energy could be imported by European nations in order to meet as much as 15% to 20% of their requirements by 2050. Several studies directed by the German Aerospace Centre DLR, form the basis for DESERTEC. An institution owned by the German Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety or BMU. The three concepts, on which thorough study was carried out in the studies of DLR, were:

1. MED-CSP or study of possible amount of renewable energy in the Mediterranean region based on the resources available and the energy demand
2. TRANS-CSP or assessing the interconnectivity between Europe and MENA and studying the imports of solar energy by way of HDVC lines
3. AQUA-CSP or analysis of the water demand and the possible simultaneous generation of desalinated water along with electricity by the solar plants

CSP is a mature technology and when operating on a large scale it would generate significant output with efficient ways of storing thermal power. CSP does already have rich history all over the world, For instance. CSP has an installed capacity of 1 GW with Spain, USA, Asia and MENA having projects, which are slated to begin. A 20 MW solar field solar plant using thermal collectors, called an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle plant, is already functional in Egypt in Kuraymat, thus marking the first ever CSP plant in MENA. Studies report that there is hope for installations of as much as 100 GW of CSP across the globe by 2025, which would make CSP compete with fossil fuels and saving 50% cost. Deserts can thus be used a power houses to bring down global gas emissions as well as promoting consistent growth in MENA.

Concurrent issues such as constant growth in population and steady reduction in resources have made it evident and vital to co-operating scientific and technological progressive to economic development. A joint scientific alliance to globally align research and technology plans with a view to building a society that shares similar interests related to safeguarding of water, energy and climate, should be established by Europe and MENA.

MEAN and Europe need necessary to collaborate to make large solar projects such as DESERTEC operate efficiently. Only then it would be possible to build up the expertise, societies and joint ventures essential to apply renewable energy on a large scale in the desert. The level of development and change in the democracy in the Arab nations calls for the offer of a long-lasting alliance by Europe to MENA in order to fulfil its own purposes and policy of neighbourhood.

The recent “Solar Energy for Science” international symposium that took place on May 19th/20th at the German National Research Centre DESY highlighted these main themes. An initial step with a view to establish a science/energy region for Europe and MENA together, were discussed by more than 250 delegates from 30 countries, including 50 representatives from MENA. DESY ( Germany National Recsearch Center – DESY) is a globally acclaimed centre of research, which uses huge research equipment like electron lasers (devoid of X-rays), particle accelerators, and synchrotron radiation sources in the investigation of structural and functional aspects of matter. DESY played host to several scientific, social, industrial and political well known personalities from Europe and MENA.

The topic that took the centre of attention was the viability, common points and possibilities of collaboration between MENA and Europe. There were discussions on plans of energy R&D for both, spotting possible discrepancies in energy policies, regulations and initiating fruitful talks on the technological and scientific ability to tackle climate and energy challenges.

The audience actively participated in the discussion led by more than fifty speakers on the vital and interesting features of a common science/energy area. The exclusive role of solar power as capable of bringing around continual development in both regions was prominently emphasized by Carlo Rubbia and Walter Kohn, both Nobel Prize winners in Physics. Performance assessment of current CSP technology was evaluated in respect to upcoming requirements of R&D. This was carried out by strong research institutions.
Khaled Toukan, Jordan’s energy minister and Meged al Sherbiny, the president of Egypt’s Academy or Scientific Research & Technology were among those MENA representatives who updated the audience on the current state of renewable-energy sources. Their national R&D measures and plans of deployment clean energies in the area were revealed. Majority of the MENA nations has high-energy plans for renewable energies, such as Egypt, who has a target of renewable energies share of 20% by the year 2020.

At the conference, it was clearly agreed the Europe, and MENA alliance will need to be monitored very closely. Energy projects this huge need to be raised by closely coordination with MENA as well as external support. Europe needs to assist the endeavour by promoting the political, cultural relations and programs. The focus is to foster economic, social and new scope in MENA. This would help the region to gain the optimum benefit from the project. No doubt that MENA states also needs to contribute equally towards this venture. Extremely qualified personnel as well as an advanced research & education pattern are very much required in MENA. This is the only way to overcome the upcoming challenges. This is why the governing bodies in MENA need to pay significant attention in making huge advancements in science and technology.

The scientific significance, social and economic effect of having huge research institutions was stressed by the speakers at the conference. These facilities are important organizations in developed parts of the world which provide ideal research platforms for basic as well as applied sciences, encouraging innovation. The European facilities which carry out research activities can house the integration and support schedules for MENA scientists.

At the conference, the President of the SESAME council, Sir Chris Llewellyn-Smith, drew special attention to the synchrotron radiation source is scheduled to be initiated in Jordan by yea 2015. The natural and life sciences in the MENA region will be considerably fortified by SESAME: a research centre as a streamed project for cooperation in the Middle East region which is governed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The conference concluded with the participating representatives agreeing to follow up on certain activities. The latter half of 2012 is likely to witness a second such as the symposium which will continue the MENA-Europe scientific discussion in depth. A joint platform fostering education, research and energy narrow the gap to the future to build a stable, growth oriented and sustainable Europe and MEAN relationship.

Source: Journal Of Renewable & Sustainable Energy: AIP

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The plan aims to make provisions of renewable energy:

- 1450 MW of power generated by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity (photovoltaic)
- 1,850 MW of wind energy generated onshore
- 200 MW of energy generated by concentrating large areas of sunlight onto small area with the help of lenses or mirrors (CSP)
- 100 MW energy from plants fuelled by bio-gas
- 75 MW of hydroelectric energy.

A programme targets to generate 17,800 MW of energy by 2030, invites its first tenders. This target makes up around 42 % of the total extra electrical power plants that are expected to be in place at that time. The current short-term goal is being tackled with tender for the generation of 3725 MW by 2016.

As pre-decided in the nation’s Integrated Resource Plan for 2010 to 2030, there would be a set of preferred bidders who would be supplying the country with renewable energy. The UN climate summit which commences in Durban, South Africa, on November 28th, will also be involved in the announcement of the names of these bidders.

The commencing phase of an international tender for building renewable-energy plants was launched by the Department of Energy of South Africa; for a total output of 3725 MW by the year 2016.

The task, which would comprise of numerous phases, will need to be accomplished by the end of three years from now. The COP-17 or UN Climate Conference to be conducted in Durban from 28th November to 9th December 2011, will witness the end of stage one.

The net value of these projects is reported to be close to USD 11 Billions and includes:
- 1450 MW of power generated by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity, -
- 1,850 MW of wind energy generated onshore
- 200 MW of energy generated by concentrating large areas of sunlight onto small area with the help of lenses or mirrors (CSP)
- 100 MW energy from plants fuelled by bio-gas
- 75 MW of hydroelectric energy.
- The plan would also include some small plants generating a total output of 100 MW.

The USD 8 million (R75-million) worth wind farm Darling, was started in May 2008, and was the country’s first commercial one. It had four wind turbines, the output of each being 1.3 MW of green energy.

The fact that the tender succeeded in generating a lot of interest has met the expectations of the government of South Africa. Truly, the required amount of taxes in order to be able to participate in the bidding process has been duly paid by more than 270 potential bidder companies.

The “Integrated Resource Plan for 2010 to 2030” was approved last year of which this is the first tender. Adding 17,800 MW of installed electric power capacity from renewable-energy plants by the year 2030 is the core objective of the plan. This will cover 42 % of the expected electric power needed at that time.

In the present day, coal, which provides more than 84% of the power demand and fulfils 72% of basic energy requirements, is the strongest support of South Africa’s energy network.

Submission of authorisation by the environment along with agreements of the shareholders is one of the requisites the bidders are required to fulfil. They would also be required to demonstrate how they have achieved the threshold of economic development.

The state electricity company excludes municipal connections was appointed as the main buyer for the power grid: Eskom

Kannan Lakmeeharam, Head of Delivery, Eskom, said that there are 321 potential bidders, mainly interested in grid connection for photovoltaic and wind energy.

Source: EV-Wind

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British Science Museum says that the programme is capable of generating as much as 5 million more litres of fresh water in a day. This new technology enables solar power to generate electricity as well as to purify water at the same time.

Out of several other programmes which are a current part of the “Water Wars” exhibition by the British Science Museum, ITN News has singled this one out and is also featuring an online overview of the same.

The European Commission is funding this programme under the EU, 7th framework programme and its studies were carried out in the Pentakomo village by the CYI (The Cyprus Institute). It submitted its final reports in June 2010 after the research for the same began in November 2008.

Mirrors placed at strategic locations lead to reflection and the focus of sunbeams on a central receiver’s surface, thus generating CSP. The receiver stores the energy after converting it from solar to thermal. Water is converted to steam by this thermal energy and steam in turn generates electrical energy when passed through steam turbines.

Simultaneously, the excess energy is efficiently used for water desalination through evaporation. Had it not been for this newly developed efficient model in the energy field, the surplus energy which is now used to desalinate water would have gone down the drain.

Project researcher Georgios Zittis said that this model exhibits the unique feature of producing water and electricity at the same time. Furthermore, it allows you to choose between water and electricity production and focus on the one which reports more demand at a given time. The two developments are extremely innovative and path breaking. He said that after the water is converted to steam, users can opt to either go ahead with the energy transformation or reserve the energy for the late hours.

Simultaneous occurrence of these two processes is the much-awaited solution for many scientists, as it is expected to solve crucial problems such as droughts and energy shortage on earth. According to ITN News, availability of more desalinised water all over the globe would result in more farm produce which in turn would take care of hunger issues.

A CYI source said that the Mediterranean region still lacks such a revolutionary invention and a technology full of immense promise. After reviews of its technology and checks to determine feasibility done over a period of two years proved that this programme was indeed doing justice to its costs, the government has approved a small-scale implementation of the project. The expenses to implement the plant on a full scale will be accommodated in its next budget, as a commitment by the government.

Source: Cyprus Mail

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For honouring the recent development of superconducting drive generator to work with wind power generation turbines, Argone National Laboratory and its associate Advanced Magnet Lab, Florida received an award.

Global energy costs and associate environmental hazards are forcing USA to come up with a new strategy on fulfilling its power requirements. This has been planned to be achieved by encouraging local clean and cost effective renewable-energy solutions.

Luckily, United States does not have a shortage of natural resources of all kinds. Wind power generation is also a very viable of alternative energy source. DOE (Department of Energy) working in United States has set a goal of wind power contributing to no less than 20 percent of overall electricity needs by the end of year 2030.

This is not an easy mission, so to encourage the entities to participate in this cause DOE has awarded a total of six projects. Projects are basically intended to identify the ways to install and setup next generation or modern turbines. Furthermore, it is also anticipated to expedite the overall installation and deployment process to help out American offshore wind farms.

Floridian Advanced Magnet Lab is physically situated in Palm Bay. It is heading a project out of the 6 DOE projects. AML has taken up the project to come up with the very first direct drive superconducting generator. It is intended to be used for industry size wind turbines in a very cost-effective manner. Argonne National Lab is a subsidiary of Energy department and working as a partner with AML.

Direct drive generators if built according to the plan are very useful. They remove gearbox, weight, moving components from the overall equation. Furthermore, they can also shrink costs associated with maintenance of the equipment. Jerry Nolen who is among the collaborators of this mission who also believe that by decreasing the high costs of energy generation and enhancing dependability and competence Superconducting technology is expected to become the default mechanism of future energy systems.

Wind turbines as the name suggest use atmosphere’s air to rotate. Turbines apparently look like giant sized fans, but with a salient difference. Rather than consuming electricity to rotate fan, the turbines use wind to generate electricity. Drive trains are actually responsible for doing the needful conversion of turbine blades movement to power.

Superconducting cables due to their practically zero resistance to electricity, will allow extracting maximum energy from even micro-sized turbines. Cooling is a key factor in the overall architecture of the researched system as superconductor wires will have to work on varied temperatures.

Direct-drive generator is also an essential piece of the puzzle as it will take out the gear box from the system. It has to be kept in mind that maintenance is most expensive for gear box nowadays. Gearbox itself is a major hindrance in increasing the size of turbine and in turn the power-generation capacity, because the size of the gear box is directly proportional to the size of turbine.

Vernon Prince is associated with Advance Magnet Lab, and he had nothing but praises for Argonne. He shared that AML is lucky to have Argonne as a partner. Argonne has no lack of proficiency and desired experience of dealing with superconductivity projects. Argonne expertises are especially important in the simulations of cryogenic cooling systems. These giant scale simulations will in turn assist the researchers in finalizing and preferably improving the design. To make the whole thing practical and cost effective, reduction in turbine size and drive train weight is extremely important. It is only possible by introducing superconductors in wind turbines. Argonne is arguably the best entity to have on board for this.

This research and its hopefully fruitful results are very important for United States of America to continue to hold its position as a world leader in Wind energy. If all goes well, the scheme will make the power generation very cheap and will also create new jobs to enhance prosperity in the country.

Source: ANL and EV-Wind

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Masdar holds the permits to the world’s first energy export development. Although a design was chosen for Masdar’s headquarters, the company says it will be electing a different model. The original design was chosen by Adrian Smith and Gordon Gill Architecture.

The headquarters will be built in the capital city of Abu Dhabi. In response to questioning, Masdar has stated that their headquarters will be built in phases, according to the economic circumstances and market needs of the present time. Although Masdar has made these comments, they have not said whether or not their headquarters will actually make more energy than it consumes.

Using a 22 million-dollar government grant, Masdar was to create a carbon neutral town, called Masdar city, where individuals and companies could practice renewable-energy developments. However, the advocate for the Middle East’s most impressive plan to harness expendable energy had to admit to their setback following the financial crisis in 2006. The first stage of the city has been pushed back until 2015.

Masdar said that their new headquarters, which will be the centerpiece of Masdar City, will obey the maintainable construction customs of the city. According to Gordon Gill, a partner at Masdar, Mubadala Development, the parent company to Masdar and Masdar itself has been having second thoughts about the new building.

Gordon has also commented via phone on a September 8 interview. Gordon said that the slab for the headquarters was built in 2009. However, Mubadala Development and Masdar have made various changes to the building such as budget, size, and tenants. Gordon will hear in roughly a month, whether the project is a go or not.

In 2006, the United Arab Emirates, who hold seven percent of global oil reserves, began suggesting building proposals for the new headquarters. In July 2008, oil, prices rose roughly $40 a barrel from 2004.

In order to branch out its economy, Abu Dhabi began evolving new industries. As the capital of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi holds the majority of the oil areas. In order to be the forerunner in renewable energy, Abu Dhabi has begun capitalizing on wind and solar panel projects. The goal of this country is to be producing around 7 percent of its power needs through these renewable power springs by the year 2020.

Originally, the headquarters of Masdar was to produce three times more energy than was necessary to run the building. Annually, at this rate, Masdar’s headquarters was to create 5.5 GW of renewable energy. To cool the building, the headquarters was to have 11 glass-closed towers that achieve results by expelling warm air through the roof.

Autodesk Inc is a company that provided software for this pitch. A senior manager of sustainability with Autodesk Inc has been reported to have said that the headquarters of Masdar was to start creating energy during its construction. Emma Stewart has also reported that the building was to be built starting with the cooling cones that support the roof. The rest of the building was to be built around these structures.

Masdar has reported that the primary phase of the new headquarters was to commence in the later part of 2013. The company has commented that pictures of the new headquarters are not available.

At the current time, Masdar City is comprised of student facilities and a university that has joined up with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

By the year 2020, The UAE is hoping to have raised $100 billion from investors outside their company. These funds will be raised through a presentation and will pay for sustainable energy projects.

Source: Times of Oman and EV-Wind

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First deliveries have been done since the beginning of 2011, and the whole project should be operational at the end of the first semester of 2012.

The turbine complex platform is expected to feed the national electricity network with 150 GW/h per year. Compared to the average Nicaraguan power production from fossil sources, this plant will save an emission of some 29,400 tons of CO2 per year.

The order was made by the Blue Power & Energy S.A (BPE). It is a company, emphasizing in wind power projects developing.

The VP of Vestas South America, Marcelo Tokman Ramos, expressed his pride for the order, because it would be the first wind power facility made by his company in Nicaragua. He also stated that Vestas had made an important step in supporting future Nicaraguan wind power production, as well in developing good business relationships with BPE, who, Ramos added, trusted Vestas technologies, experience and expertise when deciding the supplier for the wind farm. Ramos hoped the completion of the project would as well open ways for other common projects with BPE in the region.

Juan Araluce, President of Vestas Mediterranean, stated that the San Martin, La Fe order not only opened Nicaragua as a field for further projects, but also reinforced Vestas’ position in Central and Southern America. Araluce also stated that the Nicaraguan project is a support for their strategy of entering new markets, as wind power is expected to play an important role in worldwide electricity production – to the point of matching other energy sources.

Details of the contract stipulate, among others, supply and commissioning for the wind-turbine installations, a VestasOnline® Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition system; That monitors and controls the wind power plant, with a five-year AOM 4000 contract for service and maintenance. The Business SCADA system will ensure optimum functioning of the wind-turbine farm, and the AOM 4000 agreement is offering risk management, as well as reduced performance costs.

On the other hand, the CEO of Blue Power & Energy, Joaquin Cuadra, confessed his satisfaction that, having Vesetas on their side as a supplier on the project, had substantially weighed in obtaining financial closure both from the banks and the developers, because of Vestas’ “reliability and confidence.”

Vestas in Latin America

The company has opened three operations headquarters in Central and South America: Vestas Mexico and Caribbean (offices in Mexico City); Vestas South America (Brazil excluded): in Buenos Aires – Argentina, in Santiago – Chile; and Vestas Brazil, in Sao Paulo.

In this headquarters, Vestas has been developing and supplying network for products, services, components and spare parts for all the Latin America clients.

Source: EV-Wind and Vestas

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Institutions identified to be part of the projects include over 160 universities. Several labs and profit making enterprises spreading over 20 states will also be used to open up the North East, Atlantic and as far as the South East markets for wind energy. Stakeholders such as researchers and manufacturers will have a chance to discover new wind markets..

Developers will explore new innovations in wind technology, and academics will be able to look at designs and models that will be viable for future generations in turbine development.

A total of 41 wind energy project headquarters can be seen in the map. Focus areas will include the design of the wind farm plants and their modelling. The focus on these varius markets will differ. A few laboratories and research institutes will be dedicated for formulating strategies after analyses aimed at breaking possible barriers and come up with approaches that will enable expansion of offshore wind energy production in the US.

Source: Energy Gov and EV-wind

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